Security Audit of 1C-Bitrix: Code, Server, Configuration

Once a client came to us: an online store on 1C-Bitrix that had lost its database. We restored it, but the cause remained unclear. The built-in security scanner found nothing. We conducted a manual audit and discovered infected PHP files in the upload folder — a vulnerability in a custom image upload component. The potential damage ranged from 200,000 to 5 million rubles, while the audit cost a fraction of that. Such cases are not uncommon.

Our experience: over 10 years working with the platform, more than 40 completed audits. Each report contains concrete remediation steps. You get not just a list of problems, but a protection roadmap.

Why Automated Scanners Are Not Enough

The built-in Bitrix scanner only checks known signatures. It misses obfuscated code, hidden backdoors, or business logic vulnerabilities — for example, SQL injection through a custom search component or XSS in a feedback form. Our approach combines automated checks with manual analysis. This allows us to detect up to three times more problems than any scanner. According to OWASP Top 10, injections and broken access control remain the most critical.

What We Check First

• Kernel and module versions — outdated cores contain known CVEs. Check changelogs for security patches. Critical updates are released out of schedule.
• File and directory permissions — a typical problem on shared hosting:

  find /var/www/html -type f -name "*.php" -perm -o+w
  find /var/www/html/upload -type f -name "*.php"
  

  PHP files in /upload/ are a sure sign of infection or incorrect permissions.
• Exposed directories — /.git/, /bitrix/backup/, /bitrix/php_interface/ should not be accessible from the outside. Check with curl.

How We Uncover Hidden Threats

We do not rely solely on the built-in scanner. Our process includes three stages:

Static Analysis of Custom Code

We search for dangerous functions (eval, base64_decode, system) and check output escaping. Over 20 parameters are verified.

Dynamic Testing

We attempt XSS, SQL injection, and CSRF attacks through personal accounts and feedback forms. The most vulnerable scenarios are tested.

Server Check

Port scanning, security headers, file permissions, and hidden directories are reviewed.

All results are compiled into a report with priorities: critical (fix immediately), high (fix within a week), medium, and low.

A Case from Practice

We audited an online store after a suspected infection. The Bitrix scanner found nothing. A manual check with find /var/www -name "*.php" -newer /var/www/html/bitrix/modules/main/classes/general/module.php revealed 12 files with modified dates — in /upload/resize_cache/. All contained obfuscated PHP code with base64. The infection vector: a vulnerability in an outdated custom image upload component that did not check file extensions. We closed all critical vulnerabilities within two days.

Vulnerability Levels by CVSS

What You Get in the Report

Each report includes:

• Description of each vulnerability with code, screenshot, and reproduction steps.
• Classification by criticality (CVSS score).
• Specific technical remediation recommendations with code examples.
• Compliance check with 54-FZ (for online stores) and security standards.
• A personalized audit certificate with the company seal.

How Quickly Can Vulnerabilities Be Fixed?

We can perform the remediation ourselves — this is discussed separately. After fixing, we provide a follow-up check within a month. Order an audit and get protection that will save your business from millions in losses. Contact us for a consultation — we will select the optimal audit format.

Additionally, we analyze CommerceML exchange configurations, infoblock and HL-block settings, and check catalog caching. For online stores, verification of OFD integration and fiscalization (54-FZ) is mandatory.

Do not leave your site unprotected. Get a consultation right now.

1C-Bitrix Site Security: Audit, Protection, Monitoring

The last serious mass hack of Bitrix sites exploited a vulnerability in the vote module (BDU:2022-05127). Attackers uploaded web shells in bulk. The cause? Site owners hadn’t updated the kernel for six months, and the voting module was left installed “just in case.” Little has changed since then in terms of approach: Bitrix releases a patch, but it takes three months to apply. We build comprehensive site security so that the time between patch release and application is days, not months. And even without a patch, the site won’t fall to a typical attack. Our team: 10+ years of Bitrix security experience, certified specialists, over 500 projects secured.

Order a site security audit — get a prioritized report and a vulnerability remediation plan in 1–2 days. Guaranteed 95% attack reduction for properly configured WAF.

Why Is Proactive Protection Better Than Reactive Cleanup?

The security module is installed on almost every Bitrix site, but it’s properly configured on at best one in five. Here’s what exactly needs to be enabled and adjusted:

• WAF (Web Antivirus) — filters SQL injections, XSS, CSRF, path traversal at the OnPageStart level. Key setting: “Active Reaction” mode — not just log, but block. In /bitrix/admin/security_filter.php, check that all attack types are enabled and exceptions are minimal. A well‑tuned WAF blocks 95% of automated attacks; relying solely on kernel updates leaves you exposed for months.
• Activity control (/bitrix/admin/security_iprule.php) — limits on requests from a single IP. Default is 100 requests per minute. For API endpoints used by mobile apps, exceptions are needed — otherwise you’ll block your own users.
• 2FA — OTP via Google Authenticator. Enable in user settings. Make it mandatory for the “Administrators” group via OnAfterUserAuthorize — no second factor, no admin access. Mandatory for all admin users.
• File integrity check (/bitrix/admin/security_file_verifier.php) — hashes of system files. If someone modifies a file in /bitrix/modules/, the system will notice. Run daily via cron using agent CSecurityFileVerifier::Verify().
• Stop list — b_security_filter_stoplist. Automatic IP blocking when WAF triggers. Manual addition of subnets when scanners are detected.
• Security log — b_event_log. Who changed what and when in the admin panel. Store for at least 90 days. Invaluable during incident investigation.

What Does a Bitrix Site Security Audit Include?

Server level — this is where most holes are:

• phpinfo() accessible via /info.php or /phpinfo.php — found on every third project. The attacker gets PHP version, paths, modules, configuration. Delete it.
• display_errors = On on production — stack traces with file paths and table names are sent to the user’s browser.
• PHP functions exec, system, passthru, proc_open not disabled in php.ini. If a web shell gets uploaded, these functions give full server control.
• PHP version should be 8.1+ — no security updates for earlier versions; PHP 7.4 is no longer supported but still lives on a quarter of projects.

Application level:

• Outdated modules: vote, forum, blog — often unused but with active handlers. Deactivate and remove.
• Custom code: grep for $DB->Query( with concatenation of $_REQUEST — classic SQL injection. Should use $DB->ForSql() or D7 ORM.
• File upload: if CFile::CheckFile() is not called or only checks extension without MIME type, a .php file will be uploaded via the feedback form.
• dbconn.php and .env — must be blocked by web server rules. Check: curl https://site.ru/bitrix/.settings.php should return 403.

SSL/TLS:

• Rating A or higher via SSL Labs.
• HSTS with max-age of at least 31536000 (one year).
• HTTP -> HTTPS redirect at Nginx level, not at Bitrix level.

Audit result — a prioritized report: Critical / High / Medium / Low. Critical issues are fixed on day one. Contact us — we’ll assess your project in 1–2 days and provide a detailed remediation roadmap.

Healing Hacked Sites — Protocol of Actions

The site is already compromised — SEO spam, redirects to casinos, web shell in /upload/. Order of actions:

1. Isolation — take the site down, put up a placeholder. If malware is encrypting files or spreading, every minute counts.
2. Identify the vector — access logs (access.log), error logs, b_event_log. Look for POST requests to unusual files, requests to /upload/*.php, suspicious user agents.
3. Search for malicious code — grep -r "eval(base64_decode" /home/bitrix/www/ — classic. Also look for assert(, preg_replace with e modifier, ${_GET}, obfuscated variables like $GLOBALS['x46x65'].
4. Check the database — b_iblock_element_property and b_iblock_element for injected scripts and hidden links. SELECT * FROM b_iblock_element WHERE DETAIL_TEXT LIKE '%<script%' AND DETAIL_TEXT NOT LIKE '%bitrix%'.
5. Clean or restore — if infection is massive, it’s easier to restore from a clean backup and apply only content changes from the DB.
6. Close the vulnerability — update the kernel, remove unused modules, fix custom code.
7. Request re-scan — Google Search Console → “Request Review”, Yandex.Webmaster → “I fixed everything”.

Investing in a preventive audit can save up to 80% of the cost of emergency incident response. Guaranteed recovery within 1–3 days for subscription clients.

How to Protect a Bitrix Site from DDoS?

• Cloudflare / DDoS-Guard / Qrator — traffic proxying. L3/L4 attacks are filtered on their side. L7 — through rules and challenge pages. Important: after connection, hide the real server IP, otherwise the purpose is lost.
• Rate limiting on Nginx: limit_req_zone for /bitrix/admin/, /api/, forms. Separate limits for authenticated and anonymous users.
• CAPTCHA — \Bitrix\Main\Captcha\CaptchaManager for Bitrix forms or reCAPTCHA v3 for custom ones. v3 doesn’t annoy users — works in the background.
• Bot management — allow Googlebot, YandexBot (check via reverse DNS), block scanners and scrapers by User-Agent and behavior.

Comparison: rate limiting on Nginx is 5 times more effective than standard brute force protection in Bitrix, as it cuts off the attack before it reaches PHP.

Why Is File Integrity Monitoring Critical?

File integrity check (/bitrix/admin/security_file_verifier.php) — hashes of system files. If someone modifies a file in /bitrix/modules/, the system will notice. Run daily via cron using agent CSecurityFileVerifier::Verify(). Combine with inotify on /upload/ — any new .php file triggers an immediate alert.

Backups — The Last Line of Defense

• Daily backups: files via rsync + PostgreSQL/MySQL dump via pg_dump/mysqldump.
• Store in isolated S3-compatible storage. Key word: isolated. If backups are on the same server as the site, the attacker will delete them too.
• Rotation: daily × 7, weekly × 4, monthly × 12.
• Test restoration — quarterly, restore a backup on a test server. A backup that cannot be restored is just a file on disk.
• Monitoring: if a backup fails — alert in Telegram within an hour.

Monitoring — Detect Before the Client Calls

• Uptime — check every 60 seconds via UptimeRobot / Zabbix / custom script. Alert in Telegram + phone call if downtime > 5 minutes.
• File monitoring — inotify (Linux) or cron + md5sum on critical directories. New .php in /upload/? Alert immediately.
• Malware scanning — AI-BOLIT or ClamAV on schedule. Check both files and database.
• SSL certificate — warning 30/14/7 days before expiry. Let’s Encrypt auto-renews via certbot, but certbot can also fail.
• Blacklists — check domain and IP in Google Safe Browsing, PhishTank, Spamhaus. Being listed means traffic loss.

152-FZ and Personal Data (Russian Law Context)

• HTTPS everywhere — redirect at Nginx level.
• Encryption in the database: passwords via \Bitrix\Main\Security\Password::hash() (bcrypt), tokens via openssl_encrypt.
• Privacy policy + cookie banner (the main module supports out of the box via COption::SetOptionString("main", "cookie_agreement", "Y")).
• Logging access to personal data — who and when viewed client data.

Deliverables

Timelines

We work on a one-time basis and on subscription with a fixed SLA. For subscription clients, a dedicated engineer who knows the project. Get a consultation — we’ll assess risks and prepare a quote in 1–2 days.

Checklist: 15 Items We Check on Every Project

1. 1C-Bitrix kernel and modules — up to date, unused modules removed.
2. security module active, WAF in “Active Reaction” mode.
3. 2FA enabled for all accounts with admin access.
4. /bitrix/admin/ protected by IP or additional HTTP authentication.
5. Password policy: at least 12 characters, mixed case, numbers, special characters.
6. SSL/TLS: A+ rating on SSL Labs, HSTS enabled.
7. Service files (dbconn.php, .settings.php, .env, backups, logs) — 403 from browser.
8. Permissions: 644 files, 755 directories. Web server is not owner of system files.
9. Security headers: Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options: DENY, X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff, Strict-Transport-Security, Referrer-Policy.
10. File integrity check — daily via agent.
11. Backups: daily, isolated storage, restore testing.
12. b_event_log — storage for at least 90 days, regular review.
13. PHP 8.1+, display_errors = Off, dangerous functions disabled.
14. Uptime monitoring + alerts on file changes in /upload/.
15. Reverse proxy or CDN with DDoS protection for high-load projects.

Vulnerability assessment is conducted in accordance with the OWASP Top 10 methodology. Comprehensive Bitrix site security is not a one-time action but a continuous process. Order a full security audit today to avoid spending budget on emergency recovery tomorrow. Contact us for a free consultation — we’ll answer any questions.